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Titanium CoagulantTitanium Coagulant

Social, Economic and Ecological Effect of the New Titanium Coagulant

Availability (including winter season) of HIGHER QUALITY drinking water produced AT LESSER COST.

Use of the new titanium coagulant increases efficiency and capacities of water treatment plants and reduced overall cost of producing drinkable water. High effectiveness of the coagulant creates conditions for development of new technological processes for water treatment.

Safer chemical used at lesser dosages than current practices with Alum or PAX.

Significant reduction of secondary pollution with aluminum or titanium.

Significant reduction in contamination with chloride organic pollutants.

Higher degree of absorption of the organic pollutants allows to eliminate the process of pre-chlorination and thus avoids the risks associated with chloride organic pollution. Accordingly, the process becomes ecologically safer while the quality of drinking water increases.

HARMLESS FOR HUMANS

ÒThe titanium coagulant does not form dangerous by-products after chlorination, ultra violet treatment or treatment with ozone. This has been confirmed on enhanced biological tests.

Toxicity of the titanium coagulant was studied on white rats, white mice, guinea pigs and rabbits. On average, the lethal dosage was established to be in the range from 10 g/kg (white mice) to 13.3 g/kg (rabbits). This data allows us to describe use of the titanium coagulant in water treatment as posing no danger to human health. The titanium coagulant virtually does not accumulate in the body, contact with it does not irritate the skin.

THE REASONS THE NEW COAGULANT IS VERY EFFECTIVE IN WATER TREATMENT ARE:

large sized flakes formed as a result of hydrolyse. The flakes precipitate quickly and assist in micro filtration of water created flakes possess large contact surface with wide variety of adsorption centres and micro pores which enable it to absorb ions of different metals, radionuclides and organic molecules by way of both ion exchange and absorption in micropores.

General Characteristics in Comparison to Other Coagulants in the Market
Country, company Kemera Water Russia USA Russia
Coagulant type PAX ALG Aluminum sulfate Aluminum sulfate New Titanium Coagulant
Coagulant characteristic High polymer salts of aluminum (polialuminum chloride) High-quality granulated aluminum sulfate Crystal Crystal High polymer titanium-based complex compounds
Costs of water treatment, $ per thousand cubic meters 1.8-4.5 1.2-3.1 1.6-6.4 1.0-3.5 0.4-0.7
Coagulant price, $ per tonne 350-450 125 140-180 125-350 250-400
Coagulant dose, mg/l 5-10 10-25 10-40 5-10 2-4
Temperature of water above coagulation begin, °Ñ 4 10 10 10 0.6
Purification effectiveness, %, of:
suspended substances 90 60-80 60 80 90
heavy metals 95 85 30-60 85 95
total microbe number 75 97-99
Residual content of aluminum in purified water, mg/l 0.2 0.5 0.2 <0.02
Volume of sludge, conventional units 1 3 3 3 0.5
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